EmbeddingGemma 2: an open, lightweight multimodal embedding model
deepmind.google·6d ago
AI Engineering
Hacker News·Aug 7·5 min read
Assembly Hall of Shame
TL;DR
Assembly Hall of Shame explores the lowest latency in high-latency Memory-Mapped I/O (MMIO) regions within PCIe fabric, revealing performance bottlenecks. By starving the fabric during load, it highlights critical inefficiencies in system design.
✦ Why It Matters
Evaluate your PCIe architecture today to identify and address potential latency issues.
Key Takeaways
- Explore instruction latencies to identify performance bottlenecks.
- Use fxrstor64 to analyze FPU state loading latencies.
- Saturate PCIe fabric to observe extreme instruction delays.
- Test various CPUs to compare their performance under contention.
How It Works
The project utilizes specific instructions like fxrstor64 to load FPU state from high-latency MMIO regions. By creating contention on the PCIe fabric with multiple threads executing tight read loops, the researchers effectively delayed the execution of the target instruction, allowing them to measure extreme latencies.